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Monday, 8 July 2024

The five Principal principles of Jnana and karma(ज्ञान आणि कर्माची पाच प्रमुख तत्त्वे)


चोरहार्य राजहार्य भ्रतृभाज्यं भारकारि !

व्यये कृते वर्धति एव नित्यं विद्याधनं सर्वधनप्रधानम् !

 

It cannot be stolen by thieves, Nor can it be taken away by the kings. It cannot be divided amongst brothers. It doesn’t have a weight .If spent regularly it always keeps growing .The wealth of knowledge is the most superior wealth of all.

The word "Ved" is derived from the Sanskrit word "वेद" (Veda), which means "knowledge" or "wisdom." The term is rooted in the Proto-Indo-European word *weid-, meaning "to see" or "to know." The Sanskrit root "विद्" (vid) means "to know," "to perceive," or "to understand."

The concept of "vid" as knowledge is central to the Vedic tradition, where knowing and understanding are highly valued and regarded as essential to spiritual and intellectual development. The root "vid" also appears in other Indo-European languages, such as the Latin "videre" (to see), the Greek "οἶδα" (oida, to know), and the Old English "witan" (to know), illustrating its broad influence across different cultures and languages.

  • Vid (विद्): to know.
  • Jña (ज्ञ): to know, relating to knowledge.
  • Vān (वान्): possessing.

"Vidnyā" or "Vidvān" therefore essentially means "one who knows" or "a knowledgeable person."

 The statement

1.   1"ज्ञानं केवलं मोक्षाय, कर्म अपि तु आवश्यकम्। तस्मात् कुरु कर्म सततम्, अनवरतं नित्यशः। केवलं ज्ञानं विना कर्म, त्वां केवलं निवर्तयेत्॥"

 translates to

"Knowledge alone is not sufficient for liberation; action is also necessary. Therefore, act continuously and tirelessly. Only knowledge without any action will only lead to your cessation."

The statement

"ज्ञानं केवलं मोक्षाय, कर्म अपि तु आवश्यकम्। तस्मात् कुरु कर्म सततम्, अनवरतं नित्यशः। केवलं ज्ञानं विना कर्म, त्वां केवलं निवर्तयेत्॥"

encapsulates a profound spiritual truth found across Hindu scriptures. It articulates that while knowledge (jnana) is crucial for liberation (moksha), it must be complemented by continuous and tireless action (karma). This holistic approach ensures that knowledge is not merely theoretical but is actualized through purposeful and selfless deeds, thereby leading to true liberation.

The statement provided is not directly found in any specific classical text of Indian philosophy or scriptures like the Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads, or Vedas. It appears to be a composed verse in classical Sanskrit, summarizing philosophical concepts, rather than a direct quotation from an ancient text.

 तपः स्वाध्यायेश्वरप्रणिधानानि क्रियायोगः॥

Translation: Austerity, self-study, and surrender to God constitute the Yoga of action. (Yoga Sutra 2.1)

This aphorism highlights that self-knowledge (jnana) must be coupled with disciplined action (karma) and devotion (bhakti) to progress on the spiritual path. The synthesis of these elements ensures comprehensive spiritual development.

2.   "ज्ञानं केवलं पर्याप्तं, स्रोतः ज्ञातव्यम् आवश्यं।

स्वयं प्रति तत् किम् कर्तव्यं, ज्ञानेन आचरितव्यं॥"

Translation:

"It is not just enough to know, it’s one's duty to know the source of that which you know, how that knowledge affects your self and finally how must one act upon the knowledge gained!"

Knowledge is often regarded as the cornerstone of human progress and development. However, the mere acquisition of knowledge is insufficient; one must also comprehend the origin and impact of this knowledge and act upon it ethically and wisely.

The Necessity of Understanding the Source

Firstly, understanding the source of knowledge is crucial. Knowledge derived from unreliable or unverified sources can lead to misinformation and potentially harmful consequences. In ancient Indian philosophy, the concept of 'Pramana' refers to the means of obtaining accurate knowledge. The six orthodox means of knowledge include perception, inference, comparison, postulation, non-perception, and verbal testimony. Each of these methods requires scrutiny of the source to ensure the validity of the information.

Impact on the Self

Secondly, reflecting on how knowledge affects the self is essential. Self-reflection allows one to assess how new information integrates with existing beliefs and values. The Bhagavad Gita emphasizes the importance of self-knowledge and awareness. In Chapter 6, Verse 5, it states, "Uddhared atmanatmanam," meaning "One must elevate oneself by one's own mind." This introspection helps in understanding how knowledge shapes one's identity and worldview.

Ethical Action Based on Knowledge

Finally, the application of knowledge necessitates ethical action. Knowledge without action is inert, but action without ethical consideration can be destructive. The Upanishads often stress the importance of 'Dharma' (righteous duty) in guiding actions. For instance, in the Katha Upanishad, it is said, "Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached," urging individuals to act with purpose and resolve.

In contemporary times, this principle is increasingly relevant. With the proliferation of information through digital media, the challenge lies not in accessing knowledge but in discerning its quality and implications. Ethical action based on sound knowledge can address global challenges such as climate change, social justice, and technological advancement.

In conclusion, the triad of knowing, understanding the source, reflecting on its impact, and acting ethically forms a holistic approach to knowledge. This approach ensures that knowledge serves as a force for good, fostering individual growth and societal well-being. As we navigate the complexities of the modern world, this timeless wisdom remains a guiding light for responsible and enlightened living.

 3.   "ज्ञानः पन्थानं दर्शयति केवलं, कर्मैव मोक्षं प्रयच्छति।"

Translation:

"Knowledge Shows Only the Path but it is Only Your Action Which Liberates You"

In the vast ocean of Indian philosophy, the synthesis of knowledge (Jnana) and action (Karma) has been a central theme that while knowledge illuminates the path to liberation, it is through action that one truly attains freedom.

The Role of Knowledge

Knowledge, or Jnana, serves as the guiding light in one's spiritual journey. It provides the necessary understanding of the self, the universe, and the nature of reality. The Upanishads, ancient philosophical texts, often highlight the importance of Jnana in recognizing the ultimate truth, Brahman, which is the essence of everything.

For instance, the Chandogya Upanishad (6.14.2) proclaims, “Tat Tvam Asi” (That Thou Art), emphasizing the knowledge of the self as the ultimate truth. Such profound knowledge helps dispel ignorance (Avidya), which is seen as the root cause of bondage in the material world.

The Imperative of Action

However, knowledge alone is not sufficient for liberation (Moksha). The Bhagavad Gita, a seminal text in Hindu philosophy, emphasizes the indispensability of Karma (action). In the Gita, Lord Krishna advises Arjuna:

"कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन।"

Translation:

"Your right is to perform your duty only, but never to its fruits."

This highlights that one must engage in their prescribed duties without attachment to the outcomes. Such selfless action (Nishkama Karma) purifies the mind and prepares it for the reception of higher knowledge.

Practical Implications

In practical terms, consider a student who understands the principles of mathematics (knowledge). However, without practicing problems (action), the student cannot master the subject. Similarly, in spiritual practice, meditation, rituals, and ethical living (actions) are essential to internalize and actualize the knowledge gained.

So,In conclusion, while knowledge provides the vision and direction, it is action that drives one towards the ultimate goal.

 4.   "ज्ञानस्याधिकं दण्डः, क्रिया तत्र शिखास्थिता।"

Translation:

"If knowledge is the staff, then action is the pointed metal spear point of that staff"

This statement appears to be a metaphorical expression rather than a direct quotation from a specific ancient text. It reflects a common philosophical idea found across various cultures and traditions, emphasizing the relationship between knowledge and action. Such concepts are often explored in texts that discuss ethics, practical wisdom, and the application of knowledge in daily life.

Exposition and Proof of the Statement

The metaphor comparing knowledge to a staff and action to its pointed metal spearhead illustrates several profound insights:

1. Knowledge as the Staff

In this metaphor, knowledge is likened to a staff. A staff provides support, stability, and direction. Similarly, knowledge serves as a foundation upon which decisions and actions are based. Just as a staff helps one traverse difficult terrain, knowledge enables individuals to navigate challenges and make informed choices.

2. Action as the Pointed Metal Spear Point

The spear point represents action. It is the decisive, penetrating aspect of the staff. Action gives purpose and effectiveness to knowledge. Without action, knowledge remains theoretical and unapplied.

3. Integration of Knowledge and Action

The metaphor underscores the inseparable link between knowledge and action. While knowledge provides understanding and insight, action transforms potential into reality. Effective action requires the guidance of knowledge, ensuring that decisions are informed and outcomes are constructive.

4. Practical Application

Practically applying knowledge through action leads to personal growth and societal progress. Ethical considerations, derived from knowledge, guide actions towards positive outcomes.

So,In conclusion, the metaphorical statement highlights the synergy between knowledge and action. Just as a staff with a pointed metal spear point is effective in both support and offense, so too is knowledge when coupled with purposeful action.This timeless wisdom resonates across cultures, reminding us of the transformative power of informed action in shaping a brighter future.

 5.   "अज्ञानं पापं सदा, ज्ञानी अपि शीलवान्।

   तस्मात् अधिक पापं तु, अन्यत्र कदाचन॥"

Translation:

"Ignorance is always sinful, even a wise person must act virtuously.
Therefore, a greater sin indeed, is never being active in that virtue."

Origin and Explanation:

The origin of this statement is from the teachings of various Indian philosophical and ethical texts, particularly emphasizing the importance of knowledge and virtuous action (dharma). It reflects a moral principle that ignorance (ajnana) is inherently sinful because it leads to actions that are not aligned with truth and righteousness. However, merely possessing knowledge (jnani) without applying it in practical, virtuous conduct (sheelavan) is considered even worse.

Explanation Expounded:

Ignorance (अज्ञानं पापं सदा): Ignorance here refers to not just lack of knowledge, but also acting in ways that are contrary to moral and ethical principles due to ignorance of what is right.

Even a wise person must act virtuously (ज्ञानी अपि शीलवान्): Knowledge alone is not sufficient; wisdom must be accompanied by virtuous action. It emphasizes that knowing what is right and not acting accordingly is morally inadequate.

 A greater sin is never being active in that virtue (तस्मात् अधिक पापं तु, अन्यत्र कदाचन): This highlights that the failure to engage in virtuous actions when one possesses the knowledge of what is right constitutes a greater sin than mere ignorance. Inaction in the face of knowledge is seen as a betrayal of moral responsibility.

Proof:

To prove the statement, one can refer to ethical frameworks across different philosophical traditions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, which emphasize the importance of knowledge (jnana) and righteous conduct (dharma). For instance:

Hinduism: The Bhagavad Gita stresses the importance of performing one's duty (svadharma) with knowledge and detachment.

Buddhism: The Noble Eightfold Path includes Right Understanding (Samma Ditthi) and Right Action (Samma Kammanta), emphasizing knowledge and virtuous conduct.

Jainism: Central to Jain ethics is the concept of right knowledge (samyak jnana) and right conduct (samyak charitra).

Across these traditions, the principle that ignorance leads to wrong actions and that even knowledge without action is inadequate for moral growth is a consistent theme. Therefore, the statement holds true in philosophical and ethical contexts, urging individuals to not only seek knowledge but also to apply it actively in virtuous living.

 “ज्ञानकर्मणां पञ्च तत्त्वानि मे दिव्यचेतसः समागतानि, मेघस्य मम तत्तु, दिव्यचेतनात् सर्वत्र व्याप्यते यदिह, चेतनाचेतनेषु सर्वत्र वर्तते।“

Translation:

These five Principal principles of Knowledge(jnana) and action(karma) have come to me through the divine consciousness, It is not by me, “Megh”, But from that divine consciousness that pervades everything here, Whether in the sentient or the insentient, it is present everywhere

 

शुक्रवासरे,ज्येष्ठ मासे , शुक्ल चतुर्दशी तिथौ ,शुभकृत नाम सवंत्सर (Friday 21st June 2024 , 10:00 hrs.)

अजय सरदेसाई (मेघ) 

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